Hi
SAP Distributed Environment is an environment where Database instance and SAP instances (CI and DIs) are installed on different physical servers, and hence it is distributed.
SAP High Availability (HA) installation is a different architecture, where more than one node (typically two nodes) is configured to ensure almost uninterrupted service even in a situation where primary service is down/failed for some severe unplanned system issue.
Please go through the below link, which tells everything you are looking for.
High Availability - Frequently Asked Questions
https://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/08/5743714ae611d1894f0000e829fbbd/content.htm
Let us know if you have any further question.
Regards,
Sujit Kumar Banerjee.